PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.